North Korea: Nuclear Friend or Foe? :: Nuclear proliferation

North Korea: Nuclear Friend or Foe? Presentation It is 2025. Following quite a while of quarreling and extraordinary battling, India and Pakistan at long last break out into general war. Millions are murdered in the atomic trade. Different nations are brought into the quarrel, at last extending the scene of war. The loss of life arrives at a billion lives. Fundamentally, you are seeing an atomic holocaust. Luckily, this is a totally imaginary occasion; something one would thoroughly consider was straight of a film. The frightening part is that as an ever increasing number of nations start to procure atomic weapons, further atomic examination, and seek after other atomic related ventures, this can be genuine. It may occur in ten years, a couple of months, or even †tomorrow. The issue of atomic expansions is an issue of much worry by the United States. Since its creation, harking back to the 1940s through the Manhattan venture, the nuclear bomb has been the most despicable aspect of society, regarding the degree of potential danger it holds for the worldwide network. The focal point of this paper takes a gander at U.S. strategy towards atomic multiplication, at various times, with an extraordinary spotlight on the status of North Korea. For certain investigators and numerous legislative authorities, North Korea is by all accounts the following large danger to U.S. what's more, universal security. Defenders of this conviction refer to articulations made by North Korea, endeavors to enhance utilized fuel poles, and different interests to use atomic force somehow or another or other. With an end goal to truly separate on a basic level the United States’ approach towards the nation of North Korea, this paper analyzes not just the authentic setting of U.S./North Korea relations, yet in addition the U.S. position towards expansion among such nations as Iran, Libya, Israel, India, Pakistan, and different nations. In utilizing different nations to thoroughly analyze U.S. strategy, ideally this will achieve a type of basis behind the way to deal with North Korea. Naturally, the issue is much more mind boggling than only a picked position towards every individual nation. History, political equalization, just as, the aim of the U.S. organization at the time shape the strategy founded toward the specific nation. A Colored History On June 27, 1950, President Harry S. Truman â€Å"authorized the utilization of American land, ocean, and aviation based armed forces in Korea; after seven days, the United Nations put the powers of 15 other part countries under U.

Design a summer camp Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Plan a day camp - Research Paper Example Following are the exercises referenced for each age bunch dependent on the phases of mental turn of events. As during this stage youngsters are building up a feeling of trust so it is the obligation of the guardians particularly the mother to treat the baby with adoring and warmth feeling and construct the feeling of trust in the kid (About.com, 2010). Absence of unwavering quality and care would prompt doubt and a sentiment of uselessness. As an enormous accentuation is given upon visual contact and contact so the best action for a multi month newborn child would be â€Å"Stacking toys and playing with the baby with that toys.† As the guardian would cooperate with the kid this would help to imaginative a sentiment of love and would assembled trust among you and the kid (Harder, 2009). During this timeframe the youngster is toward the start of learning stage as the individual in question begins going to class and it is the point at which the kid enters this present reality all alone. The kid is gone up against to start taking activities and needs to do them. The kid begins replicating the grown-ups during this stage. They make up stories and starts investigating the word â€Å"WHY.† (Harder, 2009) Therefore it is significant for the guardians and family to commend their exercises and activities which would construct a trust in them. Conversely the youngster who neglects to finish their errands and isn't inspired also drives them to a sentiment of blame in them which brings down their confidence (Navid, 2009). The best action for this stage ought to be â€Å"Kitchen Play† in which the kitchen utensils and a little inherent kitchenette would be given to the youngsters and they would play in gatherings and they would cook and serve the creative food to y ou and it’s the adult’s obligation to acknowledge and applaud them so in this movement the kids would know the significance of cooperation and they would have a feeling of direction (About.com, 2010). It is the phase when the kid is in preschool and is included

A Complimentary Reading Guide for the Citizenship Exam

A Complimentary Reading Guide for the Citizenship Exam A few months ago, I finally sat down to take the naturalization test to become a United States citizen. After ten years of being on a Green Card, I was ready to make it official and so was the United States. I sent off my application in December, had my biometrics taken and patiently waited to get the notice of my appointment with a USCIS officer. In the meantime, I entertained myself by studying for the naturalization test. There are many requirements one needs to fulfill in order to be entered into the fold, like background checks and being a responsible taxpayer. Among the checklist is an oral exam. On the day of your appointment, the USCIS officer asks you a series of questions about the history, government and geography of the United States. Applicants must get at least 6 of out ten correct. When you get your fingerprints taken, months before the actual interview, you are given a handy study guide with 100 possible questions and their respective answers. I flipped through the pages, remembering civics classes from my time at an Elementary school in Connecticut and patted myself on the back for being interested in politics. Most of the questions were things you may find in the basic version of Trivial Pursuit, like who wrote the Constitution and what states border Canada. It was a nice refresher course and, of course, several of the nation’s greatest thinkers and writers were highlighted. Thomas Jefferson. Alexander Hamilton. Abraham Lincoln. Talented, intellectual powerhouses. But of course they only represent one side of history, the side that favors the voices of those already in power or those that have been sanctified by those in power. It got me thinking, who are some of the other figures that also forged this country and could serve as a complement to these historic figures? As an immigrant and a woman, I don’t want to simply learn about history from the victors. I want to hear the voices of those who were also prominent in the country’s past but are not the white dudes we all know by heart. Here is a preliminary complimentary reading guide for my fellow immigrants and my future countrymen alike who may want to expand their vision of the Founding Fathers to include mothers, who already know about the nation builders and want to hear from those who aim to shatter certain assumptions. Colonial Period and Independence Complete Writings by Phillis Wheatley: Wheatley was a slave to a Boston family, who gained considerable fame when she published her first poem in 1767. Her lyrical output includes hymns, elegies, philosophical queries and more. Letters by Abigail Adams: Adams had a firsthand seat for the American Revolution, seeing as her husband and family were very much involved in the independence movement. She corresponded with many of the prominent men and women of her time, including Martha Washington and Dolly Madison, and was considered an astute political adviser and analyst. 1800s Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave by Frederick Douglass: In his autobiography, Douglass describes his birth in a plantation, his childhood education, the abuse and exploitation he suffered as a teen and his escape to the North, where he finally found freedom. Narrative of Sojourner Truth by Sojourner Truth: Born a slave and emancipated thanks to state law, Truth spent her adulthood as an orator fighting for both abolition and women’s rights. 1900s Americans in Waiting: The Lost Story of Immigration and Citizenship in the United States by Hiroshi Motomura: This non-fiction volume looks at the last 150 years in immigration law, to show that the legal concepts of immigration and immigrant have been in a constant state of flux in the United States. Tomorrow Is Now by Eleanor Roosevelt: Published in 1963, it’s a riveting and engrossing essay by one of the most memorable First Ladies. Roosevelt’s manifesto is a plea to her fellow countrymen to shed fear and anger in favor of civil rights and equality for al. March by John Lewis: This exquisite graphic novel gives an inside look of the Civil Rights Movement through the life of Congressman John Lewis. Current Leaders of Note My Beloved World by Sonia Sotomayor: The autobiography of the first Hispanic appointed to the Supreme Court is a story of resilience, determination and the struggles underprivileged communities go through in their attempt to overcome their own limitations. My Own Words by Ruth Bader Ginsberg: One of the few women to be a Supreme Court Justice, this volume is a great way to learn more about the Original R.B.G as well as the process and importance of the Justice System in granting or withholding citizen’s rights. Save

Strategy Review - 2493 Words

STRATEGY REVIEW, EVALUATION, AND CONTROL OUTLINE | |The Nature of Strategy Evaluation | | |A Strategy-Evaluation Framework | | |Published Sources of Strategy-Evaluation Information | | |Characteristics of an Effective Evaluation System | | |Contingency Planning | | |Auditing†¦show more content†¦advantage 7. These trends make strategy evaluation difficult: a. dramatic increase in environmental complexity b. difficult in predicting future c. increasing number of variables d. rapid rate of obsolescence e. increase in the number of world events affecting organization f. decreasing time spans for planning VTN (Visit the Net): www.csuchico.edu/mgmt/strategy/module1/sld046.htm describes the how and why of strategy evaluation. VTN (Visit the Net): www.csuchico.edu/mgmt/strategy/module1/sld047.htm elaborates on â€Å"taking corrective actions.† B. The Process of Evaluating Strategies 1. Strategy evaluation is necessary for all sizes and kinds of organizations. a. Strategy evaluation should initiate managerial questioning of expectations and assumptions, trigger a review of objectives and values, and stimulate creativity in generating alternatives and formulating criteria of evaluation. 2. Evaluating strategies on a continuous rather than a periodic basis allows benchmarks of progress to be established and more effectively monitored. 3. Managers and employees of the firm should continually be aware of progress being made toward achieving the firm’s objectives. As critical success factors change, organizational members should be involved in determining appropriate corrective actions. VTN (Visit the Net):Show MoreRelatedStrategy Review, Evaluation, and Control1937 Words   |  8 PagesThe best formulated and implemented strategies become obsolete as a firm’s external and internal environments change. It is essential, therefore, that strategists systematically review, evaluate, and control the execution of strategies. 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The three books shy away from advocating old school Porter’s concepts and instead recommend strategic innovation since modern market environments are dynamic. Book 1: Thinkers 50 Strategy Crainer and Dearlove (2014) discuss the evolution of strategy concepts from early militaryRead MoreNike Marketing Strategy Review1044 Words   |  5 Pagesmodels using online customization software. The software led consumers through a step- by-step process: customers could choose the size and width of the shoes, pick the color scheme, and affix their own 8-character personal ID to the product. Early reviews of the NIKEiD project were full of criticism of the limited selection and availability, so less than a year after its debut, Nike added additional shoe models and more customization options while increasing site capacity. Though the company had

Essay about Bless Me Ultima Dialectical Journal - 3577 Words

Bless Me, Ultima Dialectical Journal Passages from the text and References: Commentary: 1. â€Å"The magical time of childhood stood still, and the pulse of the living earth pressed its mystery into my living blood† (1.1). (P) This thought that Antonio has builds up the possibility that he will later form a deep connection and bond with the earth and nature. 2. â€Å" The war sucks everything dry,† my father said solemnly, â€Å"it takes the young boys overseas, and their families move to California where there is work† (3.2). (C) Antonio’s father Gabriel shares the belief that is found in this time period that abundance and prosperity were to be found in the lush lands of California, such as are emphasized in John Steinbeck’s novel, The Grapes†¦show more content†¦My mother said their communication was with the earth. She said they spoke to the earth with their hands† (46.6). (CL) Antonio comes from a line of farmers on his mother’s side of the family who hold a deep and meaningful connection with the land and nature since it was the source of their livelihoods. Whether or not Antonio will become a man of the land or a priest, his roots will still remain partially planted in nature. 10. â€Å"Take faith in God, my child,† my grandfather said and he held her close, â€Å"He will return them safely. The war is terrible, the wars have always been terrible. They take the boys away from the fields and orchards where they should be, they give them guns and tell them to kill each other. It is against the will of God† (49.1). (R) Anaya is commenting here on the religious perspective on war shown through the eyes of Antonio’s Catholic grandfather. His commentary questions the power of a faith which denounces war, especially when history, which he has shown to appreciate, reveals war’s ability to triumph over those with unsavory intentions. 11. â€Å"On the first day of school I awoke with a sick feeling in my stomach. It did not hurt, it just made me feel weak† (51.1). (C) When I was little I experienced the dread of leaving my mother when I had to leave her side and go to Sunday school in church. There is a feeling of being torn between the comfort of your mother and becoming independent and strong on your own. 12. â€Å"An

The True Definition of a Strong Team Free Essays

The True Definition of a Strong Team What is a team one may ask? The formal definition of team is â€Å"a number of persons associated in some joint action† (Team). A group of athletes, a group of employees, or a group of friends can call themselves a team when united to complete a common goal. Truly any group of individuals can call themselves a team, but only when this group possesses the right characteristics is when they can be called a true, strong team. We will write a custom essay sample on The True Definition of a Strong Team or any similar topic only for you Order Now Being a strong team is much more than getting a group a group of people together and declaring it is a team. A strong team is constructed with more than speech; it deals with strong feelings, dedication, and hard work. Strong feelings provide great importance when construction a strong team. Whether people are part of a sport team or a work force, they all must possess the characteristic of having strong feelings for the situation they are placed in. If the person’s feelings are so strong, he/she will be more than willing to strive for that goal. If he/she did not care much for the situation they are placed into, they will most likely not strive and excel and unfortunately, the team will suffer by the goal not being reached. When each individual in a team has strong feelings toward the completion of or reaching that goal, a strong team is reached. Everyone, apart of the team, who has those strong feelings are on the same page allowing them to strive together with a great feeling of passion. When this passion is reached, every team member will know exactly how to complete their team goal with their inner feelings. When a team all has the same feelings toward a common goal it shows the strength of the team as a whole. A team may all have a strong feeling toward completing a goal, but each individual has to portray many other characteristics in order to become a strong team. With strong feelings, teams can reach many goals. But in order to complete and achieve more challenging goals, a strong team must posses’ dedication. Dedication is a very important characteristic that every great team out there acquires. Dedication requires individuals to do the best they can always. For example, always showing up for dance class, always being on time for dance class, always being at every rehearsal, and so fourth. When portraying the dedication attitude, others will envy that and respect the fact that this individual wants to be apart of something much greater than any individual. Dedication can also be portrayed through showing respect for the team. This can be done by putting others first. If every member of a team is willing to put others before themselves, a team will be able to accomplish goals the never thought they could before. Dedication is a characteristic every team must have in order to be called a strong team. A strong team that possesses dedication are the teams heard to be accomplishing phenomenal goals, not only because they are extraordinary at their sport, but because they have the passion and dedication of being apart of a team. Dedication is a possession that truly great teams have and with dedication comes hard work and if you are dedicated, you will work hard! Working hard is something each individual must provide their team. By working hard, a team will become stronger and will learn how to work together by working off each others’ strengths. Working hard means that people always put forth their best foot and try their hardest at all times. Through hard work, individuals will mold themselves to become better, along with helping others improve. When a team is able to work hard every day and put forth everything they have, that team will strive. In the end, what that team puts in is what they will receive out and each individual is going to get stronger through their teams improvement. Undergoing these strong feelings toward a goal will help the team succeed. Hard work will better the chances of completing this unique goal the team holds. Dedication is a key characteristic in all teams. Dedication most importantly makes the team not only stronger as individuals but as a team. Dedication builds the base for a strong team and hard work keeps that team functioning beautifully together. These characteristics will give that passion to excel towards a sport, job or any such life goals. When each of these characteristics are reached, I give the permission to call themsel How to cite The True Definition of a Strong Team, Papers

Principles of Economics and Fiscal policy

Question: What is fiscal policy Comment on the role of fiscal policy in a modern economy. Illustrate and explain how fiscal policy may be used to remove a deflationary gap? Answer: Fiscal policy is a government adjustment, which is implemented in order to adjust the spending level and the tax rates. This helps in monitoring and influencing the nations money supply (Hansen 2013). Fiscal policy is based on the theories of Keynes, which helps in guiding the actions of the government thereby, taking proactive roles in managing various macroeconomic factors prevailing in the economy. With the help of the fiscal policy, the government aims at regulating the rates of unemployment, inflation rate as well as stabilizing business cycles. Fiscal policy thereby states that the government can thereby influence the level of macroeconomic productivity of an economy by raising or reducing the level of taxes and public expenditures (Mertens and Ravn 2014). Fiscal policy is associated with various uses in the modern world. One of the most vital uses of fiscal policy is that it increases the savings in an economy. Fiscal policy is used to raise the rate of savings in the economy (Aghion, Hemous and Kharroubi 2014). In the developing countries, the rich class of the society depends on money for their luxuries. The government can impose various taxes on these people thereby providing them with the necessities of life. This would thereby raise the savings in the economy. With the rise in the savings within the country, fiscal policy would also be helpful in encouraging investment by providing them with the incentive of tax holidays in various sectors of the economy. Fiscal policy is considered as an important tool to be used for the achievement of equal distribution of wealth in an economy (Corsetti et al. 2013). With the equal distribution of wealth in an economy, there would be equality among the various classes. Fiscal policy is also use d as a vital tool for controlling inflation in the economy. It helps in attaining maximum welfare on the economy thereby improving the quality of life of the people. Fiscal policy aims at raising the productivity and employment opportunity without inflation. Thereby, the countries consider fiscal policy thereby helping the economy to achieve their stability. Deflationary gap is also referred to as recessionary gap in economics, which states the situation where there is an insufficiency in the demand for goods and services in the economy (Auerbach and Gorodnichenko 2013). Equilibrium in such a situation occurs at the lower level of the fill employment level and towards its left. Figure 1 : Deflationary Gap And Fiscal Policy (Source: As Created By Author) In figure 1, the national income will be measured on the x-axis and the aggregate expenditure on the y-axis. It is seen that initially the expenditure curve intersects the aggregate output/production line at point e1, towards the left f the potential line. Thereby it could be stated that the equilibrium income level y1 is below the potential income of y2. Hence, this gap could be stated as the deflationary gap. In order to overcome such discrepancies in the society, the government increase the expenditures thereby stimulating the economy. This shifts the aggregate expenditure curves from ae1 to ae2. Therefore, there is a resultant increase taken together income reaching the fill employment level. This is known as expansionary fiscal policy and it helps to overcome the recessionary gap in the economy. The government stays committed to returning the budget to a sustainable surplus as soon as possible. Continued discipline to counterbalance new expenditure as well as pass existing budget repair measures is required to combine the budget and to lower government debt (Cspedes and Velasco 2014). The softer domestic prices as well as growth of wages are likely to affect the government receipts. The payment of government as a share of GDP has reduced since the year 2016 from 25.8 percent of GDP to 25.2 percent of GDP in 2016-2017. Real expansion over the forwarded estimates is 1.9 percent that is steady with the 2016-2017 budgets. The program precise variation leads to reduction in payments. The total deficit is anticipated to lower from $36.5 billion in 2016-2017 to $10 billion in 2019-2020. However, the fundamental cash is expected to maintain an enhancing trajectory over the forwarded estimates. The government stays committed to more than offsetting all decision related to new strateg ies and has thus made decisions that are likely to enhance the fundamental cash balance over the forwarded estimates by $2.5 billion. In order to affect the economy, the uses of government are referred by fiscal policies. This includes government spending and levied taxes. When the government increases its spending and lowers the taxes, it is said to be expansionary effect. Conversely, the contractionary policy of the government would be considered when the spending decreases and taxes rises. Expansionary policy is related to higher the deficit of the budget and contractionary policy reduces the deficit. In the present situation of Australian economy, where budget deficit prevails, it would be wise for the government to impose contractionary policy in the economy. The fiscal policy of Australia is mostly based on medium-term structure that is designed to ensure budget balance over the cycle (Blanchard and Leigh 2013). For example, the fiscal policy predicts that fiscal expansion will produce higher rates of interest that will in turn diminish investment spending. Australia reported a deficit of 2.6 percent as a share of total GDP and a structurally adjusted deficit as a share of potential GDP. As compared to other OECD countries, Australia was not relentlessly affected by the worldwide economic crisis. The budget deficit of Australia in the year 2016 was -2.1 percent of GDP whereas; the budget deficit of Belgium was -2.7 percent of GDP and Canada was -2.5 percent of GDP (Abs.gov.au. 2017). According to the MYEFO statement, it could be stated that the factors that have led an impression on the situation of budget deficit in Australia has been the cut in government spending (ABC News. 2017). There have been more offsets for the government with respect to additional savings in the economy; the government had adopted a cut in the government spending. There has been a considerable rise in the tax that might be taken as a possibility for budget deficits in the economy. Both rise in tax and fall in government spending indicates a deteriorating effect on the budget of the country (Maddison and Denniss 2013). Yet, the effect of increase in tax is also dependent upon the time factor. Reduction in government spending has a noteworthy effect on the aggregate demand and supply of the country. Earlier, the government had projected the plan for balancing the economy from deficit to surplus in the year 2019-20. Yet, there has been a revision in the target plan of the economy. The department of immigration and broader protection is considered as one of the champion out of MYEFO that gained more than $1 billion in added financial support over four years. An additional $342.2 million has been allocated over two years for relocation arrangements of refugees for protection seekers in offshore centres. A total of $52.5 million is being cut from funding of arts whereas; green army projects are to be restricted at 500 per year thus saving up to $317.5 million from the program. The effect of government spending mostly affects the aggregate demand structure of an economy. There is a negative impact of the cu in the government spending which can be explained by the help of the figure below: Figure 2: Effect Of Government Spending Cut On Aggregate Demand (Source: As Created By Author) In figure 2, it could be seen that with the fall in the government spending, there is a shift of the aggregate demand curve from AD1 to AD2. With shift of the AD curve towards the left, there has been a considerable fall in the GDP of the country from y1 to y2 and a fall in the price level from p1 to p2. Along with the reduction in aggregate demand, the associated effect of reduced government spending can be stated as the reduction in government borrowing of an economy. The cut in government spending leads to a contraction of the economy, which further restricts the enhancement of the finances in the country. Reduction in spending related to lower tax proceeds followed by higher expenditure on benefits. Inflation rate- The consumer price inflation of Australia is quite low which throws light on the low rate of wage growth. It highlights other factors like high competitive relation among the retailers, lesser rate of raise in rents and low imports along with the price of the petrol in the economy. There is also a passive inflationary environment globally. There is an expectation with regards to the consumer prices that might grow by 1 per cent through the year to the June quarter 2017, before picking up to 2 per cent through the year to the June quarter 2018. This is lower than forecast at the 2016 PEFO (Abs.gov.au. 2017). Unemployment rate- There has been a downfall of the unemployment rate since its recent peak of 6.3 per cent in July 2015. The unemployment rate is forecast to remain around 5 per cent in the June quarters of 2017 and 2018. Though there has been a notable fall in the rate of unemployment, the underemployment rate had risen. the rise in the rate of underemployment therefore suggests that there are certain space capacities in the economy that stays within the labour market. The forecast for the participation rate has been revised down since the 2016 PEFO and it is expected to be 64 per cent in the June quarters of 2017 and 2018(Abs.gov.au. 2017). Government spending cuts- According to the latest economic outlook of 2016/2017 MYEFO, the government has been delivering on its policy for economic development as well as jobs, with the budget maintaining and enhancing trajectory that is consistent with the fiscal strategy of the government (Abs.gov.au. 2017). After analysing the economic outlook of both 2015-16 and 2016-17, it could be said that there are several factors that have led to the severity of deficit for 2017. This had lead to the deterioration in the current account. One of factors that have led to budget deficit is competitiveness. The depreciation in exchange rates makes the currency more competitive. The inquisitive thing that is related to broadening of debt and deficit is that it has taken place due to increase in government expenditure along with shortfall in proceeds. Government expenditure as a share of GDP under the Morrison MYEFO forecasts is anticipated to be 25.2 percent of GDP in both 2016-2017. The vital strengths of fiscal policy is associated with the promotion of macroeconomic stability, which stabilises the economy by supporting the aggregate demand and the private sector incomes during the times of economic recession. It moderates the action of the economy during the period of string development in the economy (Harvie and Van Hoa 2016). Fiscal policy helps in generating added demand when there is a weak productivity prevailing in the country and it even helps in reducing the financial demand when there is a flourishing financial system of the economy. Fiscal policy can become imperative for such economies, which are considered as a part of the monetary union (Ball 2014). This could be the scenario when nominal rates of interest and the exchange rates are not accustomed to the situations of the single country but rather to that of the nation. During the prevalence of unemployment in the society, a change in the taxation structure would help in influencing a noteworthy e ffect on the level of national income. Fiscal policy may also become successful while shifting the LRAS curve towards the right that will in turn increase real productivity as well as the rate of inflation (Petty et al. 2015). Fiscal policy in an economy is subjected to various weaknesses along with their strengths. The existence of an active fiscal policy in an economy instigates augmented vagueness regarding the developmental aspects of the economy. Fiscal policy can be stated as a concern with regards to the difficulties faced by the community with respect to health care and pension facilities (Bech, Gambacorta and Kharroubi 2014). An increase in the expenditure along with a cyclically oriented tax cuts would help in translating higher taxes and lower expenditures. Fiscal policy must be relied upon the automatic stabilizers in the short run. It should bear a medium to long run point of reference. In order to stabilize the economy with the fiscal policy, there is a requirement for more or less tax in bad times; however, there must be a rise in the tax and a fall in the government expenditure during god times of the economy (Fazzari, Morley and Panovska 2015). Fiscal policy also leads to conflicts between objectives. Fiscal policy is designed to accomplish one of the objectives that may leave an adverse impact on the other. Reference ABC News. (2017). Treasurer flags cuts as MYEFO adds $2.3b to deficit forecast. [online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-12-15/budget-deficit-increased-as-myefo-released/7029472 [Accessed 9 Feb. 2017]. Abs.gov.au. (2017). Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Government. [online] Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/ [Accessed 9 Feb. 2017]. Aghion, P., Hemous, D. and Kharroubi, E., 2014. Cyclical fiscal policy, credit constraints, and industry growth.Journal of Monetary Economics,62, pp.41-58. Auerbach, A.J. and Gorodnichenko, Y., 2013. Output spillovers from fiscal policy.The American Economic Review,103(3), pp.141-146. Ball, L.M., 2014.Long-term damage from the Great Recession in OECD countries(No. w20185). National Bureau of Economic Research. Bech, M.L., Gambacorta, L. and Kharroubi, E., 2014. Monetary policy in a downturn: are financial crises special?.International Finance,17(1), pp.99-119. Blanchard, O.J. and Leigh, D., 2013. Growth forecast errors and fiscal multipliers.The American Economic Review,103(3), pp.117-120. Cspedes, L.F. and Velasco, A., 2014. Was this time different?: Fiscal policy in commodity republics.Journal of Development Economics,106, pp.92-106. Corsetti, G., Kuester, K., Meier, A. and Mller, G.J., 2013. Sovereign risk, fiscal policy, and macroeconomic stability.The Economic Journal,123(566), pp.F99-F132. Fazzari, S.M., Morley, J. and Panovska, I., 2015. State-dependent effects of fiscal policy.Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics Econometrics,19(3), pp.285-315. Hansen, A.H., 2013.Fiscal policy business cycles. Routledge. Harvie, C. and Van Hoa, T., 2016.The causes and impact of the Asian financial crisis. Springer. Maddison, S. and Denniss, R., 2013.An introduction to Australian public policy: theory and practice. Cambridge University Press. 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