North Korea: Nuclear Friend or Foe? :: Nuclear proliferation

North Korea: Nuclear Friend or Foe? Presentation It is 2025. Following quite a while of quarreling and extraordinary battling, India and Pakistan at long last break out into general war. Millions are murdered in the atomic trade. Different nations are brought into the quarrel, at last extending the scene of war. The loss of life arrives at a billion lives. Fundamentally, you are seeing an atomic holocaust. Luckily, this is a totally imaginary occasion; something one would thoroughly consider was straight of a film. The frightening part is that as an ever increasing number of nations start to procure atomic weapons, further atomic examination, and seek after other atomic related ventures, this can be genuine. It may occur in ten years, a couple of months, or even †tomorrow. The issue of atomic expansions is an issue of much worry by the United States. Since its creation, harking back to the 1940s through the Manhattan venture, the nuclear bomb has been the most despicable aspect of society, regarding the degree of potential danger it holds for the worldwide network. The focal point of this paper takes a gander at U.S. strategy towards atomic multiplication, at various times, with an extraordinary spotlight on the status of North Korea. For certain investigators and numerous legislative authorities, North Korea is by all accounts the following large danger to U.S. what's more, universal security. Defenders of this conviction refer to articulations made by North Korea, endeavors to enhance utilized fuel poles, and different interests to use atomic force somehow or another or other. With an end goal to truly separate on a basic level the United States’ approach towards the nation of North Korea, this paper analyzes not just the authentic setting of U.S./North Korea relations, yet in addition the U.S. position towards expansion among such nations as Iran, Libya, Israel, India, Pakistan, and different nations. In utilizing different nations to thoroughly analyze U.S. strategy, ideally this will achieve a type of basis behind the way to deal with North Korea. Naturally, the issue is much more mind boggling than only a picked position towards every individual nation. History, political equalization, just as, the aim of the U.S. organization at the time shape the strategy founded toward the specific nation. A Colored History On June 27, 1950, President Harry S. Truman â€Å"authorized the utilization of American land, ocean, and aviation based armed forces in Korea; after seven days, the United Nations put the powers of 15 other part countries under U.

Design a summer camp Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Plan a day camp - Research Paper Example Following are the exercises referenced for each age bunch dependent on the phases of mental turn of events. As during this stage youngsters are building up a feeling of trust so it is the obligation of the guardians particularly the mother to treat the baby with adoring and warmth feeling and construct the feeling of trust in the kid (About.com, 2010). Absence of unwavering quality and care would prompt doubt and a sentiment of uselessness. As an enormous accentuation is given upon visual contact and contact so the best action for a multi month newborn child would be â€Å"Stacking toys and playing with the baby with that toys.† As the guardian would cooperate with the kid this would help to imaginative a sentiment of love and would assembled trust among you and the kid (Harder, 2009). During this timeframe the youngster is toward the start of learning stage as the individual in question begins going to class and it is the point at which the kid enters this present reality all alone. The kid is gone up against to start taking activities and needs to do them. The kid begins replicating the grown-ups during this stage. They make up stories and starts investigating the word â€Å"WHY.† (Harder, 2009) Therefore it is significant for the guardians and family to commend their exercises and activities which would construct a trust in them. Conversely the youngster who neglects to finish their errands and isn't inspired also drives them to a sentiment of blame in them which brings down their confidence (Navid, 2009). The best action for this stage ought to be â€Å"Kitchen Play† in which the kitchen utensils and a little inherent kitchenette would be given to the youngsters and they would play in gatherings and they would cook and serve the creative food to y ou and it’s the adult’s obligation to acknowledge and applaud them so in this movement the kids would know the significance of cooperation and they would have a feeling of direction (About.com, 2010). It is the phase when the kid is in preschool and is included

A Complimentary Reading Guide for the Citizenship Exam

A Complimentary Reading Guide for the Citizenship Exam A few months ago, I finally sat down to take the naturalization test to become a United States citizen. After ten years of being on a Green Card, I was ready to make it official and so was the United States. I sent off my application in December, had my biometrics taken and patiently waited to get the notice of my appointment with a USCIS officer. In the meantime, I entertained myself by studying for the naturalization test. There are many requirements one needs to fulfill in order to be entered into the fold, like background checks and being a responsible taxpayer. Among the checklist is an oral exam. On the day of your appointment, the USCIS officer asks you a series of questions about the history, government and geography of the United States. Applicants must get at least 6 of out ten correct. When you get your fingerprints taken, months before the actual interview, you are given a handy study guide with 100 possible questions and their respective answers. I flipped through the pages, remembering civics classes from my time at an Elementary school in Connecticut and patted myself on the back for being interested in politics. Most of the questions were things you may find in the basic version of Trivial Pursuit, like who wrote the Constitution and what states border Canada. It was a nice refresher course and, of course, several of the nation’s greatest thinkers and writers were highlighted. Thomas Jefferson. Alexander Hamilton. Abraham Lincoln. Talented, intellectual powerhouses. But of course they only represent one side of history, the side that favors the voices of those already in power or those that have been sanctified by those in power. It got me thinking, who are some of the other figures that also forged this country and could serve as a complement to these historic figures? As an immigrant and a woman, I don’t want to simply learn about history from the victors. I want to hear the voices of those who were also prominent in the country’s past but are not the white dudes we all know by heart. Here is a preliminary complimentary reading guide for my fellow immigrants and my future countrymen alike who may want to expand their vision of the Founding Fathers to include mothers, who already know about the nation builders and want to hear from those who aim to shatter certain assumptions. Colonial Period and Independence Complete Writings by Phillis Wheatley: Wheatley was a slave to a Boston family, who gained considerable fame when she published her first poem in 1767. Her lyrical output includes hymns, elegies, philosophical queries and more. Letters by Abigail Adams: Adams had a firsthand seat for the American Revolution, seeing as her husband and family were very much involved in the independence movement. She corresponded with many of the prominent men and women of her time, including Martha Washington and Dolly Madison, and was considered an astute political adviser and analyst. 1800s Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave by Frederick Douglass: In his autobiography, Douglass describes his birth in a plantation, his childhood education, the abuse and exploitation he suffered as a teen and his escape to the North, where he finally found freedom. Narrative of Sojourner Truth by Sojourner Truth: Born a slave and emancipated thanks to state law, Truth spent her adulthood as an orator fighting for both abolition and women’s rights. 1900s Americans in Waiting: The Lost Story of Immigration and Citizenship in the United States by Hiroshi Motomura: This non-fiction volume looks at the last 150 years in immigration law, to show that the legal concepts of immigration and immigrant have been in a constant state of flux in the United States. Tomorrow Is Now by Eleanor Roosevelt: Published in 1963, it’s a riveting and engrossing essay by one of the most memorable First Ladies. Roosevelt’s manifesto is a plea to her fellow countrymen to shed fear and anger in favor of civil rights and equality for al. March by John Lewis: This exquisite graphic novel gives an inside look of the Civil Rights Movement through the life of Congressman John Lewis. Current Leaders of Note My Beloved World by Sonia Sotomayor: The autobiography of the first Hispanic appointed to the Supreme Court is a story of resilience, determination and the struggles underprivileged communities go through in their attempt to overcome their own limitations. My Own Words by Ruth Bader Ginsberg: One of the few women to be a Supreme Court Justice, this volume is a great way to learn more about the Original R.B.G as well as the process and importance of the Justice System in granting or withholding citizen’s rights. Save

Strategy Review - 2493 Words

STRATEGY REVIEW, EVALUATION, AND CONTROL OUTLINE | |The Nature of Strategy Evaluation | | |A Strategy-Evaluation Framework | | |Published Sources of Strategy-Evaluation Information | | |Characteristics of an Effective Evaluation System | | |Contingency Planning | | |Auditing†¦show more content†¦advantage 7. These trends make strategy evaluation difficult: a. dramatic increase in environmental complexity b. difficult in predicting future c. increasing number of variables d. rapid rate of obsolescence e. increase in the number of world events affecting organization f. decreasing time spans for planning VTN (Visit the Net): www.csuchico.edu/mgmt/strategy/module1/sld046.htm describes the how and why of strategy evaluation. VTN (Visit the Net): www.csuchico.edu/mgmt/strategy/module1/sld047.htm elaborates on â€Å"taking corrective actions.† B. The Process of Evaluating Strategies 1. Strategy evaluation is necessary for all sizes and kinds of organizations. a. Strategy evaluation should initiate managerial questioning of expectations and assumptions, trigger a review of objectives and values, and stimulate creativity in generating alternatives and formulating criteria of evaluation. 2. Evaluating strategies on a continuous rather than a periodic basis allows benchmarks of progress to be established and more effectively monitored. 3. Managers and employees of the firm should continually be aware of progress being made toward achieving the firm’s objectives. As critical success factors change, organizational members should be involved in determining appropriate corrective actions. VTN (Visit the Net):Show MoreRelatedStrategy Review, Evaluation, and Control1937 Words   |  8 PagesThe best formulated and implemented strategies become obsolete as a firm’s external and internal environments change. It is essential, therefore, that strategists systematically review, evaluate, and control the execution of strategies. 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The three books shy away from advocating old school Porter’s concepts and instead recommend strategic innovation since modern market environments are dynamic. Book 1: Thinkers 50 Strategy Crainer and Dearlove (2014) discuss the evolution of strategy concepts from early militaryRead MoreNike Marketing Strategy Review1044 Words   |  5 Pagesmodels using online customization software. The software led consumers through a step- by-step process: customers could choose the size and width of the shoes, pick the color scheme, and affix their own 8-character personal ID to the product. Early reviews of the NIKEiD project were full of criticism of the limited selection and availability, so less than a year after its debut, Nike added additional shoe models and more customization options while increasing site capacity. Though the company had

Essay about Bless Me Ultima Dialectical Journal - 3577 Words

Bless Me, Ultima Dialectical Journal Passages from the text and References: Commentary: 1. â€Å"The magical time of childhood stood still, and the pulse of the living earth pressed its mystery into my living blood† (1.1). (P) This thought that Antonio has builds up the possibility that he will later form a deep connection and bond with the earth and nature. 2. â€Å" The war sucks everything dry,† my father said solemnly, â€Å"it takes the young boys overseas, and their families move to California where there is work† (3.2). (C) Antonio’s father Gabriel shares the belief that is found in this time period that abundance and prosperity were to be found in the lush lands of California, such as are emphasized in John Steinbeck’s novel, The Grapes†¦show more content†¦My mother said their communication was with the earth. She said they spoke to the earth with their hands† (46.6). (CL) Antonio comes from a line of farmers on his mother’s side of the family who hold a deep and meaningful connection with the land and nature since it was the source of their livelihoods. Whether or not Antonio will become a man of the land or a priest, his roots will still remain partially planted in nature. 10. â€Å"Take faith in God, my child,† my grandfather said and he held her close, â€Å"He will return them safely. The war is terrible, the wars have always been terrible. They take the boys away from the fields and orchards where they should be, they give them guns and tell them to kill each other. It is against the will of God† (49.1). (R) Anaya is commenting here on the religious perspective on war shown through the eyes of Antonio’s Catholic grandfather. His commentary questions the power of a faith which denounces war, especially when history, which he has shown to appreciate, reveals war’s ability to triumph over those with unsavory intentions. 11. â€Å"On the first day of school I awoke with a sick feeling in my stomach. It did not hurt, it just made me feel weak† (51.1). (C) When I was little I experienced the dread of leaving my mother when I had to leave her side and go to Sunday school in church. There is a feeling of being torn between the comfort of your mother and becoming independent and strong on your own. 12. â€Å"An

The True Definition of a Strong Team Free Essays

The True Definition of a Strong Team What is a team one may ask? The formal definition of team is â€Å"a number of persons associated in some joint action† (Team). A group of athletes, a group of employees, or a group of friends can call themselves a team when united to complete a common goal. Truly any group of individuals can call themselves a team, but only when this group possesses the right characteristics is when they can be called a true, strong team. We will write a custom essay sample on The True Definition of a Strong Team or any similar topic only for you Order Now Being a strong team is much more than getting a group a group of people together and declaring it is a team. A strong team is constructed with more than speech; it deals with strong feelings, dedication, and hard work. Strong feelings provide great importance when construction a strong team. Whether people are part of a sport team or a work force, they all must possess the characteristic of having strong feelings for the situation they are placed in. If the person’s feelings are so strong, he/she will be more than willing to strive for that goal. If he/she did not care much for the situation they are placed into, they will most likely not strive and excel and unfortunately, the team will suffer by the goal not being reached. When each individual in a team has strong feelings toward the completion of or reaching that goal, a strong team is reached. Everyone, apart of the team, who has those strong feelings are on the same page allowing them to strive together with a great feeling of passion. When this passion is reached, every team member will know exactly how to complete their team goal with their inner feelings. When a team all has the same feelings toward a common goal it shows the strength of the team as a whole. A team may all have a strong feeling toward completing a goal, but each individual has to portray many other characteristics in order to become a strong team. With strong feelings, teams can reach many goals. But in order to complete and achieve more challenging goals, a strong team must posses’ dedication. Dedication is a very important characteristic that every great team out there acquires. Dedication requires individuals to do the best they can always. For example, always showing up for dance class, always being on time for dance class, always being at every rehearsal, and so fourth. When portraying the dedication attitude, others will envy that and respect the fact that this individual wants to be apart of something much greater than any individual. Dedication can also be portrayed through showing respect for the team. This can be done by putting others first. If every member of a team is willing to put others before themselves, a team will be able to accomplish goals the never thought they could before. Dedication is a characteristic every team must have in order to be called a strong team. A strong team that possesses dedication are the teams heard to be accomplishing phenomenal goals, not only because they are extraordinary at their sport, but because they have the passion and dedication of being apart of a team. Dedication is a possession that truly great teams have and with dedication comes hard work and if you are dedicated, you will work hard! Working hard is something each individual must provide their team. By working hard, a team will become stronger and will learn how to work together by working off each others’ strengths. Working hard means that people always put forth their best foot and try their hardest at all times. Through hard work, individuals will mold themselves to become better, along with helping others improve. When a team is able to work hard every day and put forth everything they have, that team will strive. In the end, what that team puts in is what they will receive out and each individual is going to get stronger through their teams improvement. Undergoing these strong feelings toward a goal will help the team succeed. Hard work will better the chances of completing this unique goal the team holds. Dedication is a key characteristic in all teams. Dedication most importantly makes the team not only stronger as individuals but as a team. Dedication builds the base for a strong team and hard work keeps that team functioning beautifully together. These characteristics will give that passion to excel towards a sport, job or any such life goals. When each of these characteristics are reached, I give the permission to call themsel How to cite The True Definition of a Strong Team, Papers

Principles of Economics and Fiscal policy

Question: What is fiscal policy Comment on the role of fiscal policy in a modern economy. Illustrate and explain how fiscal policy may be used to remove a deflationary gap? Answer: Fiscal policy is a government adjustment, which is implemented in order to adjust the spending level and the tax rates. This helps in monitoring and influencing the nations money supply (Hansen 2013). Fiscal policy is based on the theories of Keynes, which helps in guiding the actions of the government thereby, taking proactive roles in managing various macroeconomic factors prevailing in the economy. With the help of the fiscal policy, the government aims at regulating the rates of unemployment, inflation rate as well as stabilizing business cycles. Fiscal policy thereby states that the government can thereby influence the level of macroeconomic productivity of an economy by raising or reducing the level of taxes and public expenditures (Mertens and Ravn 2014). Fiscal policy is associated with various uses in the modern world. One of the most vital uses of fiscal policy is that it increases the savings in an economy. Fiscal policy is used to raise the rate of savings in the economy (Aghion, Hemous and Kharroubi 2014). In the developing countries, the rich class of the society depends on money for their luxuries. The government can impose various taxes on these people thereby providing them with the necessities of life. This would thereby raise the savings in the economy. With the rise in the savings within the country, fiscal policy would also be helpful in encouraging investment by providing them with the incentive of tax holidays in various sectors of the economy. Fiscal policy is considered as an important tool to be used for the achievement of equal distribution of wealth in an economy (Corsetti et al. 2013). With the equal distribution of wealth in an economy, there would be equality among the various classes. Fiscal policy is also use d as a vital tool for controlling inflation in the economy. It helps in attaining maximum welfare on the economy thereby improving the quality of life of the people. Fiscal policy aims at raising the productivity and employment opportunity without inflation. Thereby, the countries consider fiscal policy thereby helping the economy to achieve their stability. Deflationary gap is also referred to as recessionary gap in economics, which states the situation where there is an insufficiency in the demand for goods and services in the economy (Auerbach and Gorodnichenko 2013). Equilibrium in such a situation occurs at the lower level of the fill employment level and towards its left. Figure 1 : Deflationary Gap And Fiscal Policy (Source: As Created By Author) In figure 1, the national income will be measured on the x-axis and the aggregate expenditure on the y-axis. It is seen that initially the expenditure curve intersects the aggregate output/production line at point e1, towards the left f the potential line. Thereby it could be stated that the equilibrium income level y1 is below the potential income of y2. Hence, this gap could be stated as the deflationary gap. In order to overcome such discrepancies in the society, the government increase the expenditures thereby stimulating the economy. This shifts the aggregate expenditure curves from ae1 to ae2. Therefore, there is a resultant increase taken together income reaching the fill employment level. This is known as expansionary fiscal policy and it helps to overcome the recessionary gap in the economy. The government stays committed to returning the budget to a sustainable surplus as soon as possible. Continued discipline to counterbalance new expenditure as well as pass existing budget repair measures is required to combine the budget and to lower government debt (Cspedes and Velasco 2014). The softer domestic prices as well as growth of wages are likely to affect the government receipts. The payment of government as a share of GDP has reduced since the year 2016 from 25.8 percent of GDP to 25.2 percent of GDP in 2016-2017. Real expansion over the forwarded estimates is 1.9 percent that is steady with the 2016-2017 budgets. The program precise variation leads to reduction in payments. The total deficit is anticipated to lower from $36.5 billion in 2016-2017 to $10 billion in 2019-2020. However, the fundamental cash is expected to maintain an enhancing trajectory over the forwarded estimates. The government stays committed to more than offsetting all decision related to new strateg ies and has thus made decisions that are likely to enhance the fundamental cash balance over the forwarded estimates by $2.5 billion. In order to affect the economy, the uses of government are referred by fiscal policies. This includes government spending and levied taxes. When the government increases its spending and lowers the taxes, it is said to be expansionary effect. Conversely, the contractionary policy of the government would be considered when the spending decreases and taxes rises. Expansionary policy is related to higher the deficit of the budget and contractionary policy reduces the deficit. In the present situation of Australian economy, where budget deficit prevails, it would be wise for the government to impose contractionary policy in the economy. The fiscal policy of Australia is mostly based on medium-term structure that is designed to ensure budget balance over the cycle (Blanchard and Leigh 2013). For example, the fiscal policy predicts that fiscal expansion will produce higher rates of interest that will in turn diminish investment spending. Australia reported a deficit of 2.6 percent as a share of total GDP and a structurally adjusted deficit as a share of potential GDP. As compared to other OECD countries, Australia was not relentlessly affected by the worldwide economic crisis. The budget deficit of Australia in the year 2016 was -2.1 percent of GDP whereas; the budget deficit of Belgium was -2.7 percent of GDP and Canada was -2.5 percent of GDP (Abs.gov.au. 2017). According to the MYEFO statement, it could be stated that the factors that have led an impression on the situation of budget deficit in Australia has been the cut in government spending (ABC News. 2017). There have been more offsets for the government with respect to additional savings in the economy; the government had adopted a cut in the government spending. There has been a considerable rise in the tax that might be taken as a possibility for budget deficits in the economy. Both rise in tax and fall in government spending indicates a deteriorating effect on the budget of the country (Maddison and Denniss 2013). Yet, the effect of increase in tax is also dependent upon the time factor. Reduction in government spending has a noteworthy effect on the aggregate demand and supply of the country. Earlier, the government had projected the plan for balancing the economy from deficit to surplus in the year 2019-20. Yet, there has been a revision in the target plan of the economy. The department of immigration and broader protection is considered as one of the champion out of MYEFO that gained more than $1 billion in added financial support over four years. An additional $342.2 million has been allocated over two years for relocation arrangements of refugees for protection seekers in offshore centres. A total of $52.5 million is being cut from funding of arts whereas; green army projects are to be restricted at 500 per year thus saving up to $317.5 million from the program. The effect of government spending mostly affects the aggregate demand structure of an economy. There is a negative impact of the cu in the government spending which can be explained by the help of the figure below: Figure 2: Effect Of Government Spending Cut On Aggregate Demand (Source: As Created By Author) In figure 2, it could be seen that with the fall in the government spending, there is a shift of the aggregate demand curve from AD1 to AD2. With shift of the AD curve towards the left, there has been a considerable fall in the GDP of the country from y1 to y2 and a fall in the price level from p1 to p2. Along with the reduction in aggregate demand, the associated effect of reduced government spending can be stated as the reduction in government borrowing of an economy. The cut in government spending leads to a contraction of the economy, which further restricts the enhancement of the finances in the country. Reduction in spending related to lower tax proceeds followed by higher expenditure on benefits. Inflation rate- The consumer price inflation of Australia is quite low which throws light on the low rate of wage growth. It highlights other factors like high competitive relation among the retailers, lesser rate of raise in rents and low imports along with the price of the petrol in the economy. There is also a passive inflationary environment globally. There is an expectation with regards to the consumer prices that might grow by 1 per cent through the year to the June quarter 2017, before picking up to 2 per cent through the year to the June quarter 2018. This is lower than forecast at the 2016 PEFO (Abs.gov.au. 2017). Unemployment rate- There has been a downfall of the unemployment rate since its recent peak of 6.3 per cent in July 2015. The unemployment rate is forecast to remain around 5 per cent in the June quarters of 2017 and 2018. Though there has been a notable fall in the rate of unemployment, the underemployment rate had risen. the rise in the rate of underemployment therefore suggests that there are certain space capacities in the economy that stays within the labour market. The forecast for the participation rate has been revised down since the 2016 PEFO and it is expected to be 64 per cent in the June quarters of 2017 and 2018(Abs.gov.au. 2017). Government spending cuts- According to the latest economic outlook of 2016/2017 MYEFO, the government has been delivering on its policy for economic development as well as jobs, with the budget maintaining and enhancing trajectory that is consistent with the fiscal strategy of the government (Abs.gov.au. 2017). After analysing the economic outlook of both 2015-16 and 2016-17, it could be said that there are several factors that have led to the severity of deficit for 2017. This had lead to the deterioration in the current account. One of factors that have led to budget deficit is competitiveness. The depreciation in exchange rates makes the currency more competitive. The inquisitive thing that is related to broadening of debt and deficit is that it has taken place due to increase in government expenditure along with shortfall in proceeds. Government expenditure as a share of GDP under the Morrison MYEFO forecasts is anticipated to be 25.2 percent of GDP in both 2016-2017. The vital strengths of fiscal policy is associated with the promotion of macroeconomic stability, which stabilises the economy by supporting the aggregate demand and the private sector incomes during the times of economic recession. It moderates the action of the economy during the period of string development in the economy (Harvie and Van Hoa 2016). Fiscal policy helps in generating added demand when there is a weak productivity prevailing in the country and it even helps in reducing the financial demand when there is a flourishing financial system of the economy. Fiscal policy can become imperative for such economies, which are considered as a part of the monetary union (Ball 2014). This could be the scenario when nominal rates of interest and the exchange rates are not accustomed to the situations of the single country but rather to that of the nation. During the prevalence of unemployment in the society, a change in the taxation structure would help in influencing a noteworthy e ffect on the level of national income. Fiscal policy may also become successful while shifting the LRAS curve towards the right that will in turn increase real productivity as well as the rate of inflation (Petty et al. 2015). Fiscal policy in an economy is subjected to various weaknesses along with their strengths. The existence of an active fiscal policy in an economy instigates augmented vagueness regarding the developmental aspects of the economy. Fiscal policy can be stated as a concern with regards to the difficulties faced by the community with respect to health care and pension facilities (Bech, Gambacorta and Kharroubi 2014). An increase in the expenditure along with a cyclically oriented tax cuts would help in translating higher taxes and lower expenditures. Fiscal policy must be relied upon the automatic stabilizers in the short run. It should bear a medium to long run point of reference. In order to stabilize the economy with the fiscal policy, there is a requirement for more or less tax in bad times; however, there must be a rise in the tax and a fall in the government expenditure during god times of the economy (Fazzari, Morley and Panovska 2015). Fiscal policy also leads to conflicts between objectives. Fiscal policy is designed to accomplish one of the objectives that may leave an adverse impact on the other. Reference ABC News. (2017). Treasurer flags cuts as MYEFO adds $2.3b to deficit forecast. [online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-12-15/budget-deficit-increased-as-myefo-released/7029472 [Accessed 9 Feb. 2017]. Abs.gov.au. (2017). Australian Bureau of Statistics, Australian Government. [online] Available at: https://www.abs.gov.au/ [Accessed 9 Feb. 2017]. Aghion, P., Hemous, D. and Kharroubi, E., 2014. Cyclical fiscal policy, credit constraints, and industry growth.Journal of Monetary Economics,62, pp.41-58. Auerbach, A.J. and Gorodnichenko, Y., 2013. Output spillovers from fiscal policy.The American Economic Review,103(3), pp.141-146. Ball, L.M., 2014.Long-term damage from the Great Recession in OECD countries(No. w20185). National Bureau of Economic Research. Bech, M.L., Gambacorta, L. and Kharroubi, E., 2014. Monetary policy in a downturn: are financial crises special?.International Finance,17(1), pp.99-119. Blanchard, O.J. and Leigh, D., 2013. Growth forecast errors and fiscal multipliers.The American Economic Review,103(3), pp.117-120. Cspedes, L.F. and Velasco, A., 2014. Was this time different?: Fiscal policy in commodity republics.Journal of Development Economics,106, pp.92-106. Corsetti, G., Kuester, K., Meier, A. and Mller, G.J., 2013. Sovereign risk, fiscal policy, and macroeconomic stability.The Economic Journal,123(566), pp.F99-F132. Fazzari, S.M., Morley, J. and Panovska, I., 2015. State-dependent effects of fiscal policy.Studies in Nonlinear Dynamics Econometrics,19(3), pp.285-315. Hansen, A.H., 2013.Fiscal policy business cycles. Routledge. Harvie, C. and Van Hoa, T., 2016.The causes and impact of the Asian financial crisis. Springer. Maddison, S. and Denniss, R., 2013.An introduction to Australian public policy: theory and practice. Cambridge University Press. Mertens, K.R. and Ravn, M.O., 2014. Fiscal policy in an expectations-driven liquidity trap.The Review of Economic Studies, p.rdu016. Petty, J.W., Titman, S., Keown, A.J., Martin, P., Martin, J.D. and Burrow, M., 2015.Financial management: Principles and applications. Pearson Higher Education AU.

Contributions of Waiting for Snow in Havana Confessions of a Cuban Boy to Spanish-Speaking Countries Essay Example

Contributions of Waiting for Snow in Havana: Confessions of a Cuban Boy to Spanish-Speaking Countries Essay Name: Course: Lecturer: Date: We will write a custom essay sample on Contributions of Waiting for Snow in Havana: Confessions of a Cuban Boy to Spanish-Speaking Countries specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Contributions of Waiting for Snow in Havana: Confessions of a Cuban Boy to Spanish-Speaking Countries specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Contributions of Waiting for Snow in Havana: Confessions of a Cuban Boy to Spanish-Speaking Countries specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Contributions of Waiting for Snow in Havana: Confessions of a Cuban Boy to Spanish-Speaking Countries There are several Spanish-speaking countries around the world, the notable ones being Mexico, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Spain. Other countries in South America, Central America and the Dominican Republic also speak Spanish. The high number of countries speaking the Spanish language makes their cultures increasingly diverse. All countries have distinct cultures, which help in defining them, and which help them establish their identity. Despite this, the people exhibit certain characteristics showing the influence of the Spanish culture. These characteristics make the people similar in certain aspects despite their differences. It makes them distinct as a people. Other than the Spanish language that is spoken by most people in these countries, the people also portray other elements of the Spanish culture. These features include religion, family, gender roles, and community life. In his book â€Å"Waiting for Snow in Havana: Confessions of a Cuban Boy†, Carlos Eire shows some of the se elements, noting the influence they have on people. The Spanish, colonized many Latin American countries, and this influenced the cultures in those countries. They found different indigenous people having distinct cultures, but their dominance in these cultures led to an end or a decline in these original cultures. The Spaniards influenced the people by introducing their language, religion and parts of their culture. The Spaniards were practicing Catholics, and once they invaded a territory, they made sure that they converted the people to this religion. To this day most of the people in Latin American countries identify themselves with the catholic faith. The Spaniards also introduced slaves to the regions. Most of these slaves were Africans, traded with other countries or taken directly from Africa. Even after the countries gained independence, most of these slaves remained in the regions. Most of them worked as domestic helps in big households. Erie describes this in the book, noting that their female servants were black. Waiting for Snow in Havana: Confessions of a Cuban Boy, details the account of a young boy who was taken from his homeland and brought to a foreign land. The book is based in Cuba, the young boy’s home and America, which was the final destination. In the book, the author writes of how he had to leave his family and come to America, in the hope that he would have a better life. It recounts some of the struggles that the young boy had, and the memories of home, which helped him survive, and live in the foreign land. He remembers his family life, all the people that he and his family had interacted with, and the political situation in his country. The cultures of the people in Spanish speaking countries show great respect for their families. They emphasize the importance of keeping families intact. Family obligations are placed above any individual pursuits. Many of the people in these countries encourage the concept of two parent families. Extended families are not treated as strangers, as people try to maintain close bonds with each other. From an early age, children are taught about commitment and responsibilities to family relationships. They maintain this attitude as they mature to adulthood. Factors such as poverty and unemployment affect the relationships between families. Eire describes his life as a young boy growing up in Havana. He recounts his memories of childhood and has vivid memories of his parents. He remembers his father’s dreams and fantasies. He especially remembers how his father thought that he had been King Louis XVI of France in his past life. He refers to his father as Louis XVI throughout the b ook, rather than using his actual names. He also remembers his mother’s warnings, teachings, and instructions. Members of the extended family including aunts, uncles, cousins, grandparents, and godparents are valued, and they are considered part of the immediate family. Eire’s aunt, his father’s sister lived with them. She had the choice of living alone, seeing that she was not married, but she chose to live with her brother’s family. This is despite the fact that she never interacted with the family closely. The idea of family relationships and kinship bound her to live with them after her mother and maiden aunt died (Eire 3). Erie tells of his neighbor Chachi who lived with her grandmother, although her parents were lived at the same place. He says that this was common among people. It was common for children to live with their grandparents even when their parents were there and were capable of taking care of them. Communities are essential in Spanish speaking countries. They resemble a large extension of the families. The people often find ways of engaging in communal activities, be it play among the children, or other social occasions. Erie describes his playtime when he was young, and he remembers how they would play with the children in the neighborhood. There were many social occasions, where the adults congregated and interacted with each other. Weddings were common, and parents took their children with them. Religion is necessary, and it influences people’s lives in different ways. Most of the Spanish speaking countries are Christians, and they adopted the Roman Catholic religion, a practice they have maintained to this day. As a young boy, Erie remembers his mother telling him to dream of the angels. They had a painting of Jesus in their living room, and there are crucifixes on their classroom walls. Erie feels that the decision he makes can determine his final destiny. He notes how using swear words was a way of risking spending an eternity in hell. There are many mentions of God in the book, whether the author is speaking of the merciful God, or whether he is talking of the God who penetrates people’s conscience, making them realize their sins and provoking the people towards repentance (Erie 22-23). The author retells the people’s sentiments concerning Cuba being a paradise, and how many of the people believed that it had been the Garden of Eden. He also compares his trip to America with the betrayal Jesus received when he was crucified. Although the people are practicing Christians, they also show signs of belief in other religions and traditions. This is seen in the way Eire’s father believes in the concept of the after life, something that is present in eastern religions. Eire also mentions the fear of curses, meaning that the people believed in witches. He mentions the voodoo sorcerers, who practiced their trade at night. They would often find evidence of this work in their compound when they woke up. The factor that binds and unites the people in Spanish speaking countries is Spanish. Although there are indigenous languages in these countries, and people have adopted the English language, many of the people continue to speak the Spanish language. There are slight variations of the language, based on the region, but the basic concepts remain the same. Erie uses many Spanish words in the book. He describes people’s characteristics, places, people’s nicknames and situations using Spanish. He uses the Spanish language when he wants to communicate something that he cannot be able to in the English language. For instance, he describes the curse words that Aulet’s mynah bird used to scream. The swear words are filthy, and Erie cannot translate them in the English language. Speaking the Spanish language is a way of enhancing people’s identity. The Spanish language also enables people to enhance their culture by transmitting their traditions and customs (Bloomq uist and Schnell 345). Despite the world becoming more global and adopting the English language as the universal language, the people have been able to continue using their language. This is because Spanish is primarily spoken at home. Most of the young, modern and urban youths speak English, especially with their friends, but they speak Spanish once they are at home. Art in different forms such as music, dance, painting, and literature is crucial to the people. The people enjoy engaging in music and dance as a form of expression, and as a way to have fun. The dance and music sessions are also a way for people to bond. The people take the opportunity to dance in weddings and birthday parties. They write and create different forms of literature, which not only serves as a way of self-expression, but also as a way for people to preserve their culture. They expressed their creativity in different forms of art including costumes and cake decorations. Many Spanish-speaking countries have defined gender roles. Although men and women respect each other, they each recognize the roles they have to play within the family setting. Women primarily stay at home and take care of their families. They are responsible for ensuring the welfare of their children. The men provide for their families, and they ensure that they are safe. Erie describes the division of gender roles clearly. He observes that the women were responsible for staying with their children during birthday parties, and that the men were not involved in such rituals. Just because the men are not involved in some family rituals, does not mean that they do not participate in family matters. Erie describes how his father drove them to the birthday party even though he would not stay. He also describes how his father took the children ‘car surfing’ during the weekends. The men have an important role to play as fathers, and they take their responsibility seriously. Th e men value their aggressive authority or machismo in the home. They expect to be recognized as the ones holding all the authority around the home. The women are submissive towards the men, and they accept lower authority (Bloomquist and Schnell 345). Boys learn from an early age that they are not equal to girls, and they learn of their superiority. Erie describes one of his friends as unlucky, because he had sisters instead of brothers. He says, â€Å"Eugenio Godoy, who was unlucky enough to have sisters instead of brothers† (Erie 36). Erie’s book is a form of autobiography of his life. He spent his early childhood in Cuba before being taken to America. It is clear that he never abandoned his Spanish heritage despite being in a different country. His use of the Spanish language benefits him, since it enables him to express himself in a distinct way. The use of Spanish is a form of identity, and no one can doubt his origin. He is a deeply religious person, something that began when he was a child. His religious side is depicted through his constant references of God, and through his actions. He fails to do some things and to say some words for he fears the eternal consequences of doing so. It is clear that he still distinguishes between gender roles, as is seen from his machismo attitude. He notes how different people appreciated different forms of art. This book has helped to enhance the different cultures in Spanish speaking countries. Works Cited: Bloomquist, L. Michael and Steven V. Schnell. Helping Children with Aggression and Conduct Problems: Best Practices for Intervention. New York, NY: Guilford Press, 2002. Print Braun L. Kathryn, James H. Pietsch, and Patricia L. Blanchette. Cultural Issues in End-of-Life Decision Making. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE, 1999. Print Eire, Carlos. Waiting for Snow in Havana: Confessions of a Cuban Boy. Simon and Schuster, 2004. Print

Free Essays on My Learning Experience

My Learning Experience As a child, I was very active and I would participate in any sport or activity that I could. I was always a fast-learner and I would pick up on techniques easily, but the hardest thing that I have ever had to do was learn to swim. Learning a new skill could sometimes be a scary experience. I was always afraid of the water, but I decided that swimming was an important skill that I should learn. I also thought that swimming would be good exercise and help me to become physically stronger, but what I didn’t realize was that learning to swim would make me a more confident person. At the age of eleven, things such as not being able to swim can be very embarrassing. . So, for this reason, one summer my dad and I decided that it was time for me to learn to swim. Before I knew it, I was enrolled in swimming lesson at the Inez pool located in Kentucky. New situations always made me a bit nervous, and my first swimming lesson was no exception. After I changed into my bathing suit in the locker room, I stood timidly by the pool waiting for the instructor and other students. After a couple of minutes the instructor and two other students arrived, and immediately the teacher came over a greeted me with a smile. The other students were both older than me, and they did not seem to be embarrassed about not knowing how to swim. This made me feel more at ease than before. Once we were all acquainted, we got into the pool and the teacher had us put on bright orange water wings to help us stay afloat. One of the other students, Kristen, had already taken the beginning class once before, so she took a kickboard and went splashing off by herself. The other student, Nathan, and I were told to hold on to the side of the pool and were shown how to kick for the breaststroke. One by one, the instructor had us hold on to a kickboard while she pulled it through the water and we kicked. In no time, Nathan was off doing this by himself.... Free Essays on My Learning Experience Free Essays on My Learning Experience My Learning Experience As a child, I was very active and I would participate in any sport or activity that I could. I was always a fast-learner and I would pick up on techniques easily, but the hardest thing that I have ever had to do was learn to swim. Learning a new skill could sometimes be a scary experience. I was always afraid of the water, but I decided that swimming was an important skill that I should learn. I also thought that swimming would be good exercise and help me to become physically stronger, but what I didn’t realize was that learning to swim would make me a more confident person. At the age of eleven, things such as not being able to swim can be very embarrassing. . So, for this reason, one summer my dad and I decided that it was time for me to learn to swim. Before I knew it, I was enrolled in swimming lesson at the Inez pool located in Kentucky. New situations always made me a bit nervous, and my first swimming lesson was no exception. After I changed into my bathing suit in the locker room, I stood timidly by the pool waiting for the instructor and other students. After a couple of minutes the instructor and two other students arrived, and immediately the teacher came over a greeted me with a smile. The other students were both older than me, and they did not seem to be embarrassed about not knowing how to swim. This made me feel more at ease than before. Once we were all acquainted, we got into the pool and the teacher had us put on bright orange water wings to help us stay afloat. One of the other students, Kristen, had already taken the beginning class once before, so she took a kickboard and went splashing off by herself. The other student, Nathan, and I were told to hold on to the side of the pool and were shown how to kick for the breaststroke. One by one, the instructor had us hold on to a kickboard while she pulled it through the water and we kicked. In no time, Nathan was off doing this by himself....

A Case of Lengthier Annual Reports Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

A Case of Lengthier Annual Reports - Essay Example It also includes the company’s mission statement and pertinent financial statements (Holmes, Sugden, & Gee, 2008). While annual reports used to fall considerably below the 100-page mark during the last decade, a survey by business advisory firm Deloitte shows that in 2010, the average length of annual reports has reached an all-time high of 101 pages (Deloitte, 2010). Interestingly enough, the lengthiest reports are littered with more advertisement-like photographs and captions than relevant narratives and figures. These are the supposed culprits of reports being lengthier than they used to be. Such a phenomenon is of primary interest because of the impact that this has on the ability of such reports to serve their true purpose. Questions arise as to whether lengthier reports actually provide readers with more information or additional confusion? Do the long reports indicate that companies are revealing more of their respective businesses’ actual performance or are they merely an effort to gloss over weaknesses that new regulatory rules aim to draw out? Do lengthier reports mean more substance or just more clutter? This paper attempts to provide answers to these questions and adequately support the claims made herein by extracts from actual company annual reports. Company reports included are those of Ericssion, Carlsberg, and Walmart. Reasons for the increasing length of annual reports According to Isobel Sharp, an audit partner at Deloitte, annual reports are significantly increasing in length because companies are now revealing their company’s business risks and even having important performance indicators disclosed in their reports. Moreover, corporates now provide a director’s responsibility statement, a requirement introduced around four years ago as a consequence of EU’s Transparency Obligations Directive (Deloitte, 2010). Essentially, the many rules that are brought up in recent years are also being blamed for the cons istently rising trend in annual report length. However, the Financial Reporting Council (FRC) of UK points out that company reports in general are trying to please too many users at the same time, hence the almost unstoppable increasing trend in the length of annual reports (UK FRC, 2010). Preparers try to put in as much additional information as they can in an attempt to make the reports as appealing to current and prospective investors as possible (Campbell & Slack, 2008). One company that illustrates this is the 163-page Annual Report by the Carlsberg Group of companies which feels so much more like a 163-page advertisement, with pages that are more fitting in a magazine than in a business report. On the other hand, Boeing’s annual report cannot be more straightforward in its layout and content. Yet, the company needed 156 pages to provide all the data needed and required by regulatory institutions. These two examples illustrate that the burgeoning lengths of annual report s are both a result of additional requirements from regulatory institutions, and the trying-to-please-everybody approach of report preparers. If these requirements are further increased in the future, then lengthier annual reports may definitely be expected. Experts are even hinting that 200 page mark may not be far from being surpassed considering the current trend of adding more and more arguably irrelevant pages to annual reports. More words: For better or for worse? Preparers of annual reports reveal that because of the need to effectively inform shareholders of what is happening in the business, and the need to be able to satisfy the disclosure rules set by regulators, more words are apparently needed (The FRC, 2011). However,

What do you expect from leadership in a Non profit organization such Essay

What do you expect from leadership in a Non profit organization such as a Church - Essay Example Let us discuss the roles of readership in a non-profit organization, such as, a church. One of the roles that leadership can play in churches is to motivate church administration to provide best available facilities to the people who come to offer prayers. â€Å"A non-profit organization exists to serve some need or group of people† (Meyers, 2012). The fact is that when people coming to churches to offer prayers and to get spiritual relief will get all facilities and a peaceful environment, they will continue coming there and a religious culture will continue to develop. Therefore, leaders need to motivate administration to do the best they can for the people coming to churches. Another role that leadership can play in churches is to motivate priests to preach Christianity from their hearts and souls. Priests are the sources of inspiration for people to whom people look for religious guidance. They need to do this to convey true messages of Christianity to the followers. The fact is that in the present world, economic and social situations have become so much complex that there need to be some people who should be able to neutralize the feelings of anxiety, anger, and resentment in people. Churches can perform this role very effectively by arranging religious programs to refresh spiritual and religious self of people. The aim of non-profit organizations is to provide free of cost services to people (Tatum, 2012). In churches, leadership should play the role of servant leaders who can see the bigger picture of the issues by considering both positive and negative aspects of social and religious issues, social constructs, and moral perceptions. â€Å"The servant leader understands that power is to serve others and not for self-aggrandizement† (Mark, 2011). Humility, trust, empowerment, and service are the virtues that should be there in a church’s leadership. Some core responsibilities of a church’s leadership should be to provide

The Importance Of Environmental Risk Assessments Environmental Sciences Essay

The Importance Of Environmental Risk Assessments Environmental Sciences Essay Environmental risk assessment is an integral part of a project. It is important that a project attributes due weight and consideration to the assessments conclusions, although it is just as imperative that an assessment identifies the assessment endpoints in order to determine the application and usefulness of the assessment. Depending on the specific project, an environmental risk assessment can be utilised to assist a project to assess strategic and or tactical uncertainties, as well as assisting in making the best informed decision given the circumstances. (Beer Ziolkowski, 1995, p. 6) Environmental risk assessment is the process (Joint Technical Committee OB/7 Risk Management, 1999) that analyses, considers and then places into a criterion framework the risks to human health, welfare and ecosystems that are the result of adverse developmental impacts on the natural environment. (Beer Ziolkowski, 1995) The placement of the foreseeable risks into a specified criteria, level and/or predetermined standard enables a project to consider, in comparison to the same, what environmental hazards have the greatest potential of occurring, as a result of a specific project, to the selected endpoints and what action (if any) is required. (Joint Technical Committee OB/7 Risk Management, 1999), (Beer Ziolkowski, 1995). The usefulness of environmental risk assessment can depend on what criteria, pre-determined standard and/or level is being utilised as an acceptable comparison. What may be important to one specific environment may not be important to another, therefore, it is important, prior to the commencement of the environmental assessment, that the environmental values to be protected (Stoklosa), the endpoints are agreed. The importance of environmental risk assessment as a necessary component of a project is evidenced in a recent predictive case study commissioned by Alcoa, the worlds largest producer of aluminium (Alcoa Inc.), with respect to an aspect of the construction of its proposed aluminium smelter in East Iceland. (Booth, et al., 2009) (referred to as The Aluminium Smelter Study). The Aluminium Smelter Study is an example of predictive risk assessment. The study was conducted to determine whether there would be a consequential difference in the level of risk to human and ecological receptors from constituents in air emissions from the aluminium smelter (prior to construction), either with or without wet scrubbers. (Booth, et al., 2009, p. 423) Gaseous emissions from the aluminium smelting process are minimized by existing controls, although not all emissions are captured by these basic controls. Prior to the commencement of the study, there was no certainty regarding whether the addition of wet scrubbers to the basic controls would provide any additional benefit as these also introduce an environmental cost. It is necessary for Icelands Permitting Authority, if they are to approve the Smelter without the need for the wet scrubbers, that an environmental risk assessment is conducted with the harm for both scenarios, with and without the wet scrubbers, explored in advance, in order that the authorities can make an informed decision. Although wet scrubbers can in some circumstances control gaseous emissions, the contaminants removed by the scrubbing are transferred into the smelters surrounding water ways, potentially causing harm to the surrounding ecology and humans alike. For the purpose of the assessment, the selection of the emissions/contaminants present in the smelter region, which may be emitted with or without wet scrubbers, were determined on the basis of what the principal constituents of gaseous emissions from primary aluminium production are. (Booth, et al., 2009, p. 429) These include, fluorides, particulates, sulphur dioxide, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, perfluorocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The design of the smelter and the operational controls already in place were considered prior to identifying the contaminants that may pose a potential risk to the pre-determined endpoints. Whether or not the wet scrubber process will cause substantial harm to the environment requires a risk assessment of weighing the environmental risks of exposure to humans and the environment to the emissions and waste generated with and without the wet scrubbers. . The environmental endpoints for the purpose of this environmental risk assessment were selected on the basis of a number of criteria, including, amongst others, the ecosystems and species that are present in the Hraun industrial tract and surrounding areas in Ewyarfjorour, Fjardabyggd, on the east coast of Iceland (Booth, et al., 2009, p. 425) in close proximity to the aluminium smelter site. In addition, further endpoints were selected by considering terrestrial and marine site studies (which) were conducted (Booth, et al., 2009, p. 425) in the early planning phase and using the information obtained to determine what plants and animals in the surrounding area could be at risk from the wet scrubber emissions. The human environment endpoints were also assessed, utilising studies completed in the planning stage of the smelter site and its surrounding Fjord area. The Aluminium Smelters location in East Iceland presents a unique environment, where there is little development and, due to both the weather and terrain, a relatively stable population level, see Figure 1 of Appendix A . The studies assessed the population of the surrounding area, noting that the terrain restricts much human population, the potential exposure pathways (i.e the drinking water for the residents in the villages is the river Delta and those outside the villages use bore water, neither of which there is any indication the smelter will affect.) and whether the populations source of food will be affected and, in turn, could indirectly expose the human population to harm. The Aluminium Smelter Study measured the harm to both human health and the ecology by developing a number of different conceptual models to assist in identify(ing) the controlling variables that affect exposure and risk, and to focus the risk assessment process on the most important pathways of potential exposure. (Booth, et al., 2009, p. 430) Figure 2, at page 431, is an illustration of a conceptual site model, which assists to identify the exposure pathways from the source, its transport, the media, (i.e air, soil, water) and then the effect on humans and the ecology. In particular, attention is directed when electing the endpoints to those plants, animals and humans that are potentially sensitive, or will be at greater risk of exposure, to the emission contaminants as identified as potentially being present. Further consideration must also be directed to ecologically important species and those species having special regulatory status (if appropriate) or social importance. (Booth, et al., 2009, p. 430) If, after having conducted all of the above and considered all the contributing factors of the models, a pathway was identified as having a potential to be complete, that factor was then assessed as posing a potential risk to the end point Alcoa engaged Earth Tech to conduct the air dispersion modelling, which was required to assess both the human and ecological risk assessments. Air dispersion modelling was chosen as the best method, considering the difficult Fjord landscape and complex wind conditions, to determine the effects on the receptors from the wet scrubber and no wet scrubber smelting scenarios. A copy of Earth Techs report is annexed at Appendix B. A copy of Earth Techs report is annexed at Appendix B.A number of air modelling scenarios were simulated in order to assess exposure to provide the relevant basis for comparison to standards that are protective of human health and the environment (Booth, et al., 2009, p. 434). These scenarios are illustrated in Table 2 and the time frames were chosen in order that the results could be compared to the corresponding regulatory limits that are protective of human health. The different environmental values to be protected require different measures of assessment. For example, in order to measure the harm of the risk to plant species in the Fjord, the model requires modelling for annual mean sulphur dioxide (SO2) (one of the identified emissions) exposure as toxicology-based screening values for plants are expressed as annual averages. The results of the dispersion models were exhibited on a geographic grid. For a more detailed explanation of the grid and a copy of the same, see page 437 (Booth, et al., 2009). (Katie, what does this add?) In order to assess the risk of the estimated air concentrations and deposition rates, with or without the effect of seawater scrubbers, the two scenarios were compared on a point-specific basis or were examined statistically or probabilistically to describe the nature of exposure to each constituent by sensitive receptors. The study not only conducted air modelling exposure modelling, the risk assessment process also utilised previously conducted marine dispersion modelling, which assessed the harm to the Fjord marine ecology, including modelling sediment and the concentration in water of elements such as fluoride, another of the identified end point contaminants. The marine dispersion models were then assessed using data from further previous studies, as well as data collected from other Alcoa facilities, such as those in Canada and Norway as a means of verifying the reasonableness of the predictions at Fjord. (Booth, et al., 2009) In addition to the air dispersion modelling and marine dispersion modelling, the risk assessment also assessed the potential adverse effects from sediment bound substance and dissolved substances (Booth, et al., 2009, p. 438) from the discharge of water into the Fjord in the situation of the seawater scrubber. The constituents, in particular PAHs (emission of which is usually associated with effluent sediment from the wet scrubber), that were hypothesised to be released into the Fjord, were selected to be assessed. The harm of these constituents (see page 438) was measured by comparing modelled concentrations in sediment and water to available toxicity thresholds and screening benchmarks. (Booth, et al., 2009) Similar modelling was utilised to assess the effect of the scrubber discharge to wildlife, including food web modelling for species that forage on items that could potentially accumulate PAHs. (Booth, et al., 2009). Similarly, the harm to plants was measured by comparing the mo delled air emission concentrations of SO2 and fluoride to conservative toxicity thresholds for sensitive plant communities. Further, the risk to vertebrates was determined on the basis of predicted concentrations of fluoride and PAHs (sic) in the diet of herbivorous mammals and birds, based on the EarthTech air modelling results and plant uptake models, and comparing those dietary concentrations to toxicity thresholds developed from the scientific literature. (Booth, et al., 2009, p. 438) There were some limitations in the study on the effect of emissions from the two alternate scrubber scenarios, which are discussed in further detail at page 439. The quantitative results to the identified receptors and the concentration estimates of emission constituents in the air from inhalation exposure were measured to be considered in comparison with all relevant standards, and PAHs (sic) were compared with health-protective screening values for air and soil. In addition to the human risk of inhalation of the emissions, the study also assessed the harm from dermal (skin) contact to humans, one of the identified endpoint pathways. The soil concentrations, in accordance with the model (see page 439), were then compared to well-accepted health-protective soil preliminary remediation goals for BaP and HF developed by USEPA. The potential harm on human health from the discharge of constituents in the air and soil were measured by comparison to elected, accepted benchmarks. Each of the different models required different types of methods to measure the predicted harm. In order that the risk assessment provides the most accurate conclusions that can be relied on for decision making, the different end points required different benchmarks for assessment. For a more detailed assessment of the effect of the identified emission contaminants on the endpoints, see page 439. The results of the modelling predictions on the level of risk to human and ecological receptors indicated that both scenarios produce results that are lower that the identified risk thresholds and, by and large, the risk to all end points was lower for a smelter without wet scrubbers. Alcoa submitted the results of the environmental risk assessment to the Government of Icelands Permitting Authority and, in turn, the Authority approved an operating permit for the facility without the need to install seawater scrubbers. (Booth, et al., 2009, p. 440) It must be noted that some caution must be attributed to the risk assessments findings as it was financed by Alcoa, however a disclaimer appears on page 1 of this study, the opinions expressed are the independent scientific views of the authors (Booth, et al., 2009, p. 423) and it would appear that the Iceland Permitting Authority agrees. The benefit for Alcoa was threefold. Firstly, by successfully obtaining the Iceland Governments permit, they were not required to expend the additional cost of constructing the seawater scrubber. Further, the results of the environmental risk assessment were able to be distributed to the local community, assisting Alcoa in continuing to uphold its duties to the people of the area faithfully. (Alcoa Inc.) Finally, Alcoa have utilised the environmental risk assessment to demonstrate the long-term sustainability of operations, as well as environmental protectiveness. (Booth, et al., 2009, p. 440). The information obtained from the environmental risk assessment process was a necessary component of Alcoas aluminium smelter Iceland project.

Prostitution: Brothel and Strong Religion Essay

Social effects that usually happens to individuals is that individuals will continue to be involved with symptoms of brothels. Future individuals will be destroyed by evil issues. Among them are regarded by society despised around. Usually prostitutes will be isolated when not whore himself due to age, health and others. In the family, the prostitutes will be sorted from the lives of family members with normal. This is because family members can not receive part of the family of prostitutes and it can be embarrassing if erudition by family contacts and the general public. This contempt because prostitutes regarded by the community east of specific communities that have a strong religion. This has been proven when a child in a family in Kuala Lumpur recently been removed because at the time the young mother, her mother has been in the brothels. This is shown family members wanted the family name clean from prostitution. In society, the prostitutes are considered as a polluting pariah image of a place. For example, around Jalan Haji Taib is known for prostitution since the first again. In addition, the number of cases to remove children is increasing. Some people do not give the family past by the road and they approach the area although other aims. Name the country will also be contaminated and will be the focus of the public. National social problems will continue to increase with many activities because prostitution happens this will lead to symptoms such as rape, murder and so forth. This can worsen the situation. In the economic system, the effects of prostitution can bring good and bad. for example, in Malaysia adverse effects arising from prostitution area is known for prostitution will not be visited by the family customers. This is because parents do not want their children near the area of prostitution. In addition, the area will be filled with prostitute- prostitute and the customer waiting area into the cause of black people who have a strong religion. Malaysia in the area if possible will always be a concern for the authorities and led to fewer young customers do business there. government also had to spend some money to treat the diseases caused by HIV prostitution directly or indirectly. This case, causing the government provision of education, welfare and others reduced. If countries in Asia other, prostitution is a major source of income. For example, Thailand has made the activity of prostitution as a pull tourists from within and outside the country. This will lead to the establishment of Thailand is famous for its house of prostitution are controlled by the government. People overseas who wish to obtain services to prostitutes to visit Thailand. It also introduces various side effects with other tourism products. Beside that also, prostitution affects the lifestyle of poor communities. For example, prostitution can cause disease outbreaks or epidemics of HIV among comumitty. Spread of the disease can spread if individuals who do not follow how to avoid sexual diseases such HIV. A person who has been infected with HIV have to produce more spending to treat this disease. Fitness level of people who are infected this will result in decreased productivity and produced no worthwhile and less quality. For example, individuals who are infected with HIV do not work with the spirit and focus on something jobs will be lost.

The Rubber Processing Industry in Ghana

Chapter ONE1.0 Introduction1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDYNatural gum elastic is an elastomer ( an elastic hydrocarbon polymer ) that was originally derived from latex, a milky colloid produced by some workss. ( Wiley,2002 ) . Wiley farther provinces that natural gum elastic is used extensively in many applications andproducts, as is man-made gum elastic. Recent research has found that the economic impact of the industrial processing of gum elastic had at the clip of find is, besides an industry that provides occupations and returns on nest eggs, and besides contributed a batch to economic development ( Oluwalana et al 2007 ) . Ghana has non merely achieved sustainable growing and important poorness decrease in the recent old ages, province and establishment edifice has made rapid advancement in the same period. Ghana has become a stable democratic province as demonstrated in a peaceable passage of power in two back-to-back free and just elections in 2000 and 2008. Administration indexs have been steadily bettering over the past old ages and in 2007, Ghana ranked in front of regional norms of Asia, Latin America and Africa in most of import administration indexs, including authorities effectivity, regulative quality and control of corruptness ( Kaufmann et al. 2008 ) . The state is ranked among the top 10 African states in footings of freedom of the imperativeness and academic freedom ( Freedom House, 2008 ) . Industrial development has been recognized as one of the surest agencies of guaranting higher and sustained growing rates. Hence African states including Ghana pursued import permutation industrialization in the sixtiess and 1970s. The principle was to travel African economic systems from its agricultural province to modern industrialised economic systems as has been the instance of the East and south-east Asiatic economic systems. Consequently, policies to advance import permutation industrialization were pursued and this led to the constitution of light ind ustries to bring forth goods locally and run behind duty barriers. Like many African states, Ghana’s industrial scheme was meant to cut down economic dependance ; hence, fabricating industries were established to bring forth points that were antecedently imported. Ghana became a success narrative in Africa in the recent old ages. The growing and poorness decrease scheme volume 2 provinces that, after more than 20 old ages of steady economic growing and important poorness decrease, Ghana is taking to go a in-between income state in following 10 old ages. Result of transmutation in many Asiatic states is frequently characterized by a declined portion of agribusiness in GDP and progressively of import function of fabrication in taking growing in the transmutation procedure ( GPRS,2009 ) . Industrialization has enjoyed important good will and virtues of history as the impeling force in the planetary economic sciences of national development. Technology underlines industrializatio n and the appropriate blend of the two provides the technology substructure for growing and development. Ghana has made important efforts at industrialization, particularly in the immediate post-independence epoch through definite programs. The nucleus scheme of the GPRS is to prosecute industrial development through the private sector as the footing of wealth creative activity, growing and poorness decrease ( GPRS, 2009 ) .1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENTGhana’s economic system has displayed less transmutation than might be expected for a state that has late achieved middle-income position harmonizing to National Development Planning Commission ( NDPC, 2010 ) . The function that transmutation dramas in the class of development is good understood by both development economic experts and policymakers in the underdeveloped universe. NDPC ( 2010 ) argues further that, transmutation which is a procedure in which labour moves from traditional activities in agribusiness and other primary sect ors to modern industry and besides a procedure in which population moves to urban Numberss, making chances for the development of industrial activities and improved public assistance. In Ghana, a important per centum of the working population is employed by the informal sector, The Ministry of Trade and industry ( MTI ) ( 2000 ) cited that, little houses can more propel growing in the economic system than big one time due to their figure and niches they occupy in the national economic system. In the rural economic development, little graduated table industries and endeavors play a cardinal function in bring forthing income for running of households and financing most activities in the rural countries of the state ( MTI, 2002 ) . With this great impact and part to the economic development of the state, these little graduated table industries are weighed down with a batch of jobs ( Ankomah, 2012 ) . Ankomah in his research further stated that, most of these industries barely grow in t he rural economic system to go medium and big graduated table. They still faces challenges such as hapless working status, low engineering, low substructure installations, unequal web, hapless distribution system, low quality merchandise and hapless regulative systems ( MTI, 2002 ) . They face difficult competition from big graduated table industries in the formal sector in marketing their merchandise. Ghana’s Medium Term Development Policy Framework provinces in NDPC ( 2010 ) that, the midterm development program in Ghana is to â€Å"lay the foundation for the structural transmutation of the economic system within the decennary stoping 2020, through industrialisation, particularly fabricating, based on modernised agribusiness, industries and sustainable development of Ghana’s natural resources, peculiarly minerals, oil and gas† ( NDPC 2010 ) . It is against this background that the research seeks to supply adaptable agencies to advance the gum elastic industry for economic development through architectural inventions and progress substructure installations.1.3 AimThe research objectives seek to ; 1. Measure the gum elastic processing industry in Ghana and place the design considerations in puting up a modern gum elastic processing industry in Apemanyim. 2. Propose a gum elastic processing industry in the territory capital to act upon the socio-economic development and to make employment in the territory capital.1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONSThe undermentioned research inquiries were used to accomplish the aims of the survey. These include ;What is the current province of the gum elastic industry?What architectural design intercessions can be disposed of in response to the demands of the gum elastic industry in Ghana?1.5 ScopeThe range of this research is geared towards the processing of natural gum elastic, and how the industry can be advanced in production engineering and substructure to farther procedure the gum elastic into concluding merchandises and besides to act upon the socio-economic development in the territory capital. It besides focuses on the design principles to setup a reputable gum elastic processing industry. This survey will look out for the needed infinites, machines or equipment and criterions for the constitution of a g um elastic processing industry. A item certification and analysis for locating a gum elastic mill will besides be amalgamated into this thesis as an experimental or presentation undertaking being a foreshadow of how executable the country’s programs of work outing her economic jobs will be best addressed.1.6 JustificationThere is an addition in the government’s attempt to accomplish economic growing and poorness decrease in rural and urban countries. Harmonizing to Ghana statistical service ( GSS ) , ( 2000 ) , In their life criterion study, it indicate that approximately 69 % of the Ghanese population is employed in the micro and little endeavor sector with a important figure of them located in the rural countries. The Ministry of trade and industry ( MTI ) ( 2002 ) cited in the ( ADTF ) diary that, the authorities of Ghana has policies for micro and little endeavor. The end of this policy is to make a contributing environment to turn and ease the development of a vib rant, productive and competitory micro and little endeavors sector in the state. The authorities seeks to advance dynamic enterprise civilization for invention, promote employment growing within the informal sector and develop micro and little endeavor to function as a agency to set up linkages between the formal and informal sectors of the economic system. Besides the policy province to better the engineering based merchandise quality and productiveness of the micro and little endeavor sector and upgrade the application of autochthonal engineerings. Rubber processing is concentrated at Apemanyim as a consequence of the presence of natural stuffs. The GREL processing works is the chief industry into the processing of natural gum elastic in the territory capital. An interview conducted at GREL identified that, 120 people are employed with a production capacity of five metric tons per hr. With deficiency of substructure development and engineering, this gum elastic industry is unable to farther procedure the gum elastic into finish goods therefore its inability to make more employment for the young person and more over to contend the urban market with their merchandise. The part of GREL in the economic systems of the Western, Central and parts of Ashanti parts is tremendous as it presently provides employment for over 6,000 husbandmans through its Rubber Out-grower Scheme. There would be more value added to the gum elastic if it is farther processed into tyres before it is exported to assorted states.1.7 RestrictionThe major restriction encountered was the trouble of acquiring some critical information with regard to the inaccessibility of bing mills to be used as local instance surveies and equipment as proficient surveies which are in conformity with gum elastic industry installations. The lone mill available within the state is the gum elastic mill located at Apemanim. However, this mill does non farther procedure the gum elastic into finished goods.1.8 ORGAN ISATION OF THE STUDYThe survey has been organised under five chief chapters. Chapter One focuses on the general debut to the survey and defines the research job, aims, range and justification. The 2nd chapter reviews literature on the construct and economic sciences of gum elastic production. Chapter Three covers the profile of the survey Region and Districts every bit good as the methodological analysis that has been employed to transport out the survey. The 4th chapter nowadayss an in-depth analysis and presentation of informations. The fifth and concluding chapter covers the major findings and policy deductions of the survey, recommendations and decision. 1.9 Summary The chapter has presented an overview of the whole survey with general issues facing the gum elastic industry. The following chapters will hence, present a critical reappraisal of the organic structure of literature related to the processing of gum elastic.

ABC accounting versus Traditional Accounting Free Essay Example, 3000 words

That is to say, a company can tell what it will gain or lose even before carrying out a certain activity. For instance, a company may calculate the cost of a certain product without looking into account the extra expenses that could or will occur consequently, the traditional method gave the wrong data concerning the exact cost as opposed to ABC, which normally calculates every expense (Bromwich, & Hong, 1999). However, even before the aforementioned individuals introduced the ABC accounting methods, people long way before used to do accounting. It has been often claimed that accountancy can be traced back to the ancient Egypt. Iran is also mentioned as another place where accounting used to exist many thousands of years ago. This happened during the reign of a certain emperor named Augustus. After, that accounting found its way to Europe mostly in England in 1880 where business people started using it (Huntzinger, 2007). 2. Traditional Accounting Overview (a) Historical practice As explained above, traditional accounting existed way before the introduction and the subsequent development of the ABC method. Firstly, this term is also called conventional in some quarters and it normally allocates indirect expenses to items produced in a factory based on the volumes. We will write a custom essay sample on ABC accounting versus Traditional Accounting or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Unlike the ABC, this method does not put into consideration other expenses that may arise from the production of a particular product. Instead, the allocation of cost is done as per the output (Huntzinger, 2007). It is for this reason that the proponents of the ABC expressed the weakness of this method. (b) Reasoning It could also be seen that the traditional accounting was focused primarily on the eventual outcome as opposed to exact expense incurred in the production of a product. Carnegie and Napier (2009) noted that in the 21st century, the traditional accounting would not give managers the best results especially because of the consumer behavior. In these times, consumers are having different tastes many of which would require additional expenses being incurred. As a result, it would be pretty hard to estimate the exact cost of producing a particular service using the traditional accounting. The companies that support and implement the ABC technique are often seen that they do not lose bids due to overpricing. In short, there the ABC helps in calculating the cost and if a company is involved in a bidding situation, it becomes easier to bid because the exact cost has been calculated.